Kobaca iyo Saamaynta Robotyada

Waxaa dunida ka socdo is baddello horumarineed oo waawayn, kuwaasi oo saamayn ku leh hab-nololeed ka aadanaha. Is baddelladaasi kuwooda ugu xooggani waa dhanka teknoolajiyadda casriga ah, qaybaheeda ka la duwan. Diiradda waxa ay saaran tahay oo tamarta ugu badani lagu bixiyaa xoojinta waxsoosaar ka iyo yaraynta baahida aadanaha loo qabo. Kordhinta waxsoosaarka iyo rogidda jihada waxsoosaar ee aadanuhu leeyahay, kuwa ugu waawayn, kacdoonkii warshadaha ayaa ka mid ah.

Kacdoonkii warshadaha ee bartamaha qarnigii 17aad ka curtay qaarada Yurub, ka dibna ku faafay guud ahaan dunida, waxa uu noqday bar-billowga hayaanka horumarineed uu aadanaha baadi-goob ugu jiro is-baddel nololeed oo hor leh, ayada oo ay ka abuurmeen aragtiyo aqooneed, dhan walba. Kacdoonkii warshadaha waxa uu aadanaha ka guuray muruqmaalnimadii iyo gacantii waxsoosaareed ayada oo loo carro-rogtay waxsoosaar mashiineed. Taasina waxa ay horseeday kororka waxsoosaarka iyo yaraynta kaalinta bani’aadanka. Waxaa aad u fududaaday shaqooyin badan oo ay aaladuhu si fudud u qabteen.

“Kacdoonkii warshaduhu wuxuu ku suntanaa isbeddello waawayn oo bulsho, dhaqaale iyo teknoolaji casri ah, kuwaasi oo horseeday hal-abuur agab waxsoosaar oo xawaawe, xaddi iyo xoogba ka badan habkii hore ee wax loo tabci jiray… waxaa bilawday hayaan dheer oo booskii qofka muraqiisa iyo gacantiisa ay ahaayeen isirka waxsoosaar loogu guuray aalad ka wax qabad fiican qofka.”(Seeska dhaqaalaha-Crashiid Xasan, 2020).

Horumarada ballaaran ee aadanaha gaaray ayuu robot ka ka mid yahay, ayada oo aalladdani garaad ka leh ay qayb ka tahay loolan ka loogu jiraa kordhinta wax-soo-saar ka iyo dhimista tamarta aadanaha. Kacdoonka robot-ka ayaa ah mid baadi-goob loogu jiro sidii lagaga maarmi lahaa xooga aadanaha is la markaana kor loo qaadi lahaa waxsoosaar ka. Ballaarintaas iyo horumarinta teknolajiyadda casriga ah waxa ay mar walba saamayn dhan walba ah ku yeelanayaan nolosha bani’aadan-ka, robotadana waxa ay safka hore kaga jiraan aaladaha saamaynta wayn ku yeeshay hab-dhaqanka iyo hab-nololeedka aadanaha.

Haddii aan samaynay is ku xirkas iyo gogol-xaarkaasi kooban, haddaba waa maxay Robot? Robot waa aalad u qaabaysan sida aadanaha. Waa aadane u eke ku shaqeeyo garaad gacan ku samays ah, is la markaana buuxin karo booska shaqo ee bani’aadanka. Waxa uu robot ka ku shaqeeya Caqli Macmal ah, oo hadba shaqada in nuu qabto laga doonaayo loo tababari bari karo ayada oo la borogoraaminaayo sidoo kalena is-baddel lagu samayn karo ayada oo dib loo barogoraaminaayo. Waxa uu awood u leeyahay in uu is-kiis isu maamulo si madax-bannaan, in uu qabto shaqooyin badan, sida; elxanka, riijiyaynta, jaridda, dhaqidda, nadiifinta, gaari-wadidda, samaynta qaliimada, warshadaynta, si guud adeegidda iwm.

Erayga robot asal ahaan waxa uu ka yimid “robota” oo ah af Czech, waxa uuna eraygani uu la micno yahay, shaqo culus ama shaqo qasab ah. Soo if-bixidda iyo kororka adeegsiga eraygaani waxa uu billowday kadib markii sanadkii 1920kii uu ka soo dhex muuqday sheeko-fanneed can noqtay oo uu qoray qoraa Karl Kapek, asiga oo sheekadaasi ugu magac daray ‘Rossum’s Universal Robots’ waxaa uuna markaasi eraygaani buuxinaayay ama uu la micno ahaa shaqaale.

Asal ahaan erayga robot afka Czech ayuu ka yimid, ka dib badi afafka kale halkaasi ayay ka soo ergadeen sida; af Carabiga, Ingiriisiga iyo qaar kale. Si la mid ah, aragtidayda, af-Soomaaligana ‘Robot’ ayuu ku noqon oo baahi tarjumaad gaar ah u ma baahno.

Dhanka kale Isaac Asimov ayaa asiguna 1942dii saaxadda aqoonta ku soo biiriyay robotics, barashada aaladda garaadka leh ee robot, ka dib markii uu erayga robotics uu ka soo dhex muuqday sheekada uu qoray ee “Runaround”, waxaana intaa ka dib suurtogal noqotay daraasaynta iyo barashada robotada si madaxbannaan. Asimov, sheekada uu qoray waxa ay sharxaad ka bixinaysay xeerarka robot-ka, waxyaabaha mudan in la tixgaliyo, iyo xiriirka ka dhaxeeyo aadanaha iyo robotka. Xeerarkaasi saddexda ah ayaa ugu danbayn loo aqoonsaday saddexda xeer ee robotics ka ama barashada robotada. Robotics waa abuuridda ama farasamaynta, naqshadaynta robot, waxaana halkaas ku kulmo, injineeriyadda, kombuyuutarka, iyo teknoolajiyadda.

Taniyo sanadkii 2010 waxaa kobac ballaaran laga dareemay ka la iibsiga robot ka ee guud ahaan suuqyada adduunka, ayada oo ay hogaaminayaan dalka China, Korea, iyo Taiwan sidoo kale India, Brazil, iyo Poland. Inkastoo dardar uu ku socda farasamaynta iyo warshadaynta robot ka, haddana Shiinaha ayaa kaalinta koowaad kaga jirto warshadaynta robot ka. Waxa uuna Shiinaha noqonayaa dalka ugu soo saarista badan robot ka, asiga oo sidoo kalena si wayn kaga faa’idaysanaayo shaqooyinka ay abuurayaan robotada iyo kaalinta waxsoosaareed ee aaladdani garaadka leh.

Daraasad ay sanadkii 2019 sameeyeen ‘Oxford Economics’ ciwaankeeduna uu ahaa “How robots change the world” oo ay ku soo bandhigaayeen is-baddelka uu robot-ka dunida ku yeeshay gaar ahaan shaqooyinka iyo waxsoosaarka, ayaa waxa ay kobaca robotada ku shegeen saddex sababood in kororka ku yimid ay qayb wayn ka yihiin.

Tan koowaad, waa in robotadu ay ka qiimo yar yihiin shaqaalaha aadanaha ah. “Waxa aan marag ka nahay dhaqaalo ahaan, qaar ka mid ah warshadaha, in adeegsiga robotada ay hadda ka raqiisan tahay isticmaalka bani’aadanka.” Ayuu yiri Hal Sirkin, oo ka tirsan Boston Consulting Group (BCG) isla markaana ah qoraaga warbixinnada taxanaha ah ee shirkadda, kuwaas oo ku saabsan isbeddelka dhaqaalaha ee wax-soo-saarka guud ahaaneed ee dunida. Labaad, waa in robotadu ay awood iyo wax-qabad fiican yihiin aadanaha, maadaama ayagu awoodaan in ay shaqeeyaan waqti walba sidoo kalena aysan u baahneen nasiino iyo daryeel caafimaad. Tan u danbaysa ee ay ku sababeeyeen waa in koror uu ku yimid dalabka badeecooyinka la warshadeeyay, iyo in Shiinaha oo aad u maalgashanaayo robotada si uu isha koowaad ee wax-soosaar ka u noqdo.

*3d rendering cyborg control robot assembly line in car factory*

Si guud badi darssadaha waxa ay qiraal ka muujiyeen sida xowliga ah ee ay robtadu kobac u samaynayaan iyo kaalinta wayn ee ay ku leeyihiin kororka waxsoosaar ka, waxaase si la mid lagu ka la aragti duwan yahay saamaynta danbe ee ay nolosha bani’aadan-ka ku yelan karaan. Waxaana aad u sii xoogaysanaayo walaaca ay dunida ka muujinayso saamaynta taban ee uu horseedi karaan robotadu, gaar ahaan u adeegsiga dagaallada.

Shirkadda BCG ayaa saadaal ahaan ku muujisay in sanadka 2025 qaadashada ama adeegsiga robotada horumarsan ay, warshado badan, kor u qaadi doonaan wax-soo-saarka ilaa 30%, dhanka kalena ay hoos u dhig ku samayn doonaan guud ahaan kharashka shaqaalaha in gaarayso 18% ama in ka badan, ayada oo saamayntaasi laga dareemi doona dalalka ugu xooggan dhanka dhoofinta sida US, China, Japan iyo Germany.

Dalka Shiinaha waxa uu noqday dalka koowaad ee sosaaridda iyo suuq-gaynta robotada, waxa uuna weli ku howlan yahay oo uu si wayn u sii labolaabayaa ballaarinta iyo hirgelinta warshad waxsoosaareed oo ay ka shaqaynayaan robotyada(Industrial Robots). Dhanka kale guud ahaan dunida horumartay ayaa ayaguna tartan ugu jiro sidii ay kaga muuqan lahaayeen suuqa robotada si uu koror ugu yimaado waxsoosaarkooda. Shaxdaan hoose waxa ay muujinaysaa sida dalka Shiinaha uu kobac aga samaynaayo warshadaha ay ka shaqaynayaan aaladaha garaadka leh ee robotada, tobankii sano ee u danbeeyay.

Marka laga soo billaabo sanadkii 2004tii warshad walba oo robot ah oo la dhiso si ay waxsoosaar u samyso qiyaas ahaan 1.6% shaqaale ayaa shaqooyinkooda ku waynaayay. Sanadkii ugu horreeyay ee la hirgaliyo warshad wax soosaar oo robot ah waxaa shaqo waayay 1.3% shaqaaale.

Cilmibaaris ah sameeyeen Professor Daron Acemoglu iyo Professor Pascual Restrepo, ayaa waxa ay ku doodayaan in robotyada ay saamaynta taban ku leeyihiin dhammaan shaqooyinka, oo hal robot oo saaxadda shaqada lagu soo kordhiyo uu daaqadda ka saaraayo shaqooyin badan isla markaasina ay horseedayaan in shaqaale badani ay si fudud shaqo la’aan ku noqdaan. Waxa ay cilmi-baarayaashu sheegeen in robot kasta oo la soo kordhiyo uu 1,000 shaqaale mushaharkoodu uu hoos u dhacaayo 0.42% sidoo kale shaqaalaynta guud ee bulshadana uu keenaayo hoos u dhac 0.2%, taas oo ka dhigan luminta ku dhawaad 400,000 shaqo.

Waxaa ayadana xusid mudan in kobaca robotada ay kaalin wayn ku leeyihiin kororka GDP ka, maadaama waxsoosaarka dalka uu koror samaynaayo sidoo kalena dalka uu awood u yeelanayaan in ay suuqa keenaan badeecooyin tayadoodu sarrayso. Aqoonyahan Georg Graetz and Guy Michaels ayaa ka mid ah aqoonyahannada sidaasi aaminsan ayaga oo sameeyay daraasado ay ku baarayaan saamaynta kobaca robotada uu aadanaha ku leeyahay, dhan walba.

Tixraac

June 2019. How robots change the world. Oxford economics.

April 2017. The Impact of Robots on Productivity, Employment and Jobs . International Federation of Robotics .

Williams, Dr. Bob. 2021. An Introduction to Robotics. Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University .